Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder primarily characterized by inflammation of the joints. It affects millions of individuals globally, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential joint destruction if left untreated. The pathophysiology of RA involves the immune system attacking the synovial tissues of the joints, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of various immune cells. Materials and methods: The present study was a cross sectional study was conducted on patients who fulfilled the American Rheumatologic association criteria, in Department of General Medicine. The data was collected from patients who fulfilled the criteria and have undergone the hematological tests. A total of 88 subjects were enrolled for the study, who were divided into 2 groups-cases group and control group with 44 subjects in each group based duration of rheumatoid arthritis up to 5 years. Result: Sex ratio of females to males is this study is 4:1. The risk of developing disease is greatest between 40 to 49 years. Rheumatoid factor positivity is 79% and rheumatoid factor negativity is 21%. The prevalence of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis patients is 75%. In rheumatoid factor positive patients mean Hb values is less (9.11gm %) compared to rheumatoid factor negative patients (10.23gm%). Iron deficiency anemia patients mean Hb is lower(8.6gm%) than in anemia of chronic disease is (10.9gm%). The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis according to DAS 28 score categories in decreasing order are moderate 45.4% , severe 48.9% and mild 5.7%. Anemia is very well correlated with rheumatoid factor positivity, disease activity (DAS 28 score), duration of disease and ESR. Conclusion The hematological profile of RA patients is influenced by the underlying disease, the level of inflammation, and the treatment regimen. Anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and coagulation abnormalities are common findings, with significant clinical implications. Understanding these changes helps clinicians assess disease activity, predict potential complications, and make informed decisions about treatment. Regular monitoring of hematological parameters is crucial to managing RA effectively, minimizing complications, and improving patient outcomes.