Introduction Hypothyroidism is the insufficient production of thyroid hormone to satisfy the body's metabolic needs. Untreated hypothyroidism may lead to hypertension, lipid problems, infertility, cognitive impairment, and neuromuscular dysfunction. Hypothyroidism may arise due to insufficient thyroid stimulation from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Thyroid hormones (THs) have a crucial function in controlling energy metabolism. Additionally, it has a role in other processes related to the central nervous system (CNS), such as promoting survival, facilitating neuronal development, and regulating energy consumption. Materials and Methods This is a prospective study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry in the Ayaan Institute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital & Research Centre. A total of 60 blood samples were obtained from individuals aged (30 – 55) years who have hypothyroidism. Among them, 40 serum samples were taken from individuals with hypothyroidism, while 40 samples were collected from healthy individuals serving as the control group. The research focused on quantifying the concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) using an examination kit developed by the Chinese business Sunlong, which utilizes the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results The study included 40 hypothyroid patients (24 females, 16 males) and 40 healthy controls (24 females, 16 males), with an average age of 45.5 ± 10.2 years in the hypothyroid group and 46.1 ± 9.8 years in the control group. The hypothyroid group showed significantly higher levels of TSH and significantly lower levels of T3 and T4 compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Hypothyroid patients had significantly higher levels of MDA (a marker of lipid peroxidation) and significantly lower TAC (a measure of antioxidant defense) compared to the healthy controls, suggesting increased oxidative stress in the hypothyroid group. The levels of TNF-α were significantly higher in the hypothyroid group compared to the control group, indicating an inflammatory response associated with hypothyroidism. A positive correlation was observed between MDA and TNF-α levels (r = 0.62, p < 0.01), suggesting that increased oxidative stress is associated with higher levels of inflammation in hypothyroidism. Conclusion The study of oxidative stress, thyroid profile, and TNF-α in hypothyroid patients provides valuable insights into the complex pathophysiology of the disorder. Oxidative stress and inflammation are intertwined processes that contribute to the metabolic and cardiovascular complications commonly observed in hypothyroid individuals.